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This paper discusses the results of two pilot tests that were conducted to determine pretreatment requirements for reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of groundwater containing iron and manganese. The presence of iron and manganese in groundwater that needs to be treated by the RO system requirescareful consideration of pretreatment requirements. If iron and manganese are present indissolved form and the feed water can be conveyed to the RO system without altering theiroxidation state, direct treatment is possible. However, oxidation of iron and manganese couldoccur due to various causes including infiltration of air through well casing, mixing of air duringdrawdown of water level, etc. In such instances, removal of iron and manganese is required priorto treatment by RO system. Greensand filtration can be used in such instances for removal ofiron and manganese. The filtration system should be designed to achieve combined iron andmanganese concentration of 0.06 mg/L to minimize fouling of the RO membranes. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 870 KB