Full Description

Providing flexibility in the design of water treatment facilities has always been an important consideration; however, it has become increasingly important for several reasons: the water quality of many sources is becoming more variable, and previously high-quality waters have declining water quality; regulations for drinking water are becoming more stringent, and the list of regulated constituents is growing; implementing facility upgrades and expansions is becoming more costly and time-consuming because of site constraints, environmental concerns, permitting requirements, and impacts on the existing operation. This paper presents a general discussion of design flexibility concepts and how they are used during the design phase of a project. Three case study projects are also presented, each with a different level of design flexibility.

Product Details

Published: 01/01/1991 ISBN(s): 0898675928 Number of Pages: 19File Size: 1 file , 870 KB