The equations presented in this article provide a quick method for predicting C-factors (internal roughness) in unlined metal pipes. The equations are based on the hypothesis that roughness height in such pipes grows approximately linearly over time and are verified with field data from numerous water distribution systems. Includes 22 references, tables, figures.
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Edition: Vol. 80 - No. 11 Published: 11/01/1988 Number of Pages: 7File Size: 1 file , 1.5 MB